Adjective

                                              ADJECTIVE

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word used to qualify a Noun or Pronoun.

 Read the following sentences:

1. He has a big umbrella.  (big tells us about the size of the umbrella)

2. That boy borrows my book. (that tells us about the noun boy)

Note: Adjectives are generally placed before nouns, but sometimes they are placed after the noun.

 For Examples:

Rahul is an intelligent boy. (adjective placed before noun)

                      ↓               ↓

                  Adjective   noun

The boy is intelligent. (here the noun is placed before the adjective)

          ↓                ↓

      Noun      Adjective  

KIND OF ADJECTIVE

1.     Adjective of Quality

2.     Adjective of Number

3.     Proper Adjective

4.     Demonstrative Adjective

5.     Distributive Adjective

6.     Interrogative Adjective

7.     Possessive Adjective

Ø Adjective of Quality:  An Adjective of quality tells us about the quality of a person or thing.

For Examples:

1.    Soloman is a wise king

     2.  The painting is beautiful.

     3.    The children enjoyed the crispy potatoes.

Ø Adjective of number:  An adjective of the number tells us how many or in what order a person or thing stands.

For examples:

1. An octopus has eight tentacles.

2. Few people will take the risk that the brave man took.

3. All things there were bright and beautiful.

ØProper adjective:  An adjective that is formed from a proper noun is called know as a proper adjective.

For Example:

1. This is the grammar of English language.

2. People prefer Indian tea.

3. I like French wine.

ØDemonstrative Adjective:  Demonstrative Adjectives are used to point out a person or thing with this, that, these, those.

For examples:

1. This dress is beautiful.

2. That boy is taller than my son.

3. I bought these melons from the market.

ØDistributive Adjective:  The Adjective which refers to each one of the numbers is known as a distributive adjective.

For examples:

1. Each candidate is honest.

2. Each student took the test.

3. Every boy is present today.

ØInterrogative Adjective:  Interrogative adjective is used along with nouns to ask questions.

For examples:

1. Which room is hers?

2. Whose bag is this?

3. Who topics are you teaching today?

ØPossessive Adjective:  Adjective that shows possession is called a possessive adjective.

For examples:

1. His brother is a pilot.

2. The puppy ran to its mother.

3. My mother is an artist.

                          Keep in Mind

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
Person	Singular	Plural
First person	My	Our
Second person	Your	Your
Third person	His, her, its	their

Note:  Formation of adjectives

An adjective may be formed from nouns, verb or adjectives

➽ Adjective from Nouns

We form an adjective from a noun by adding- ish, -y, -ous, -en, -ly, -ful, or, -less at the end.

NOUN	ADJECTIVE
Dirt	Dirty
Boy	Boyish
Care	Careful
Shame	Shameless
Man	Manly
Gift	Gifted
Oil	Oily
storm	stormy

·➽   ADJECTIVE FROM VERBS

We from adjective from verbs by adding -ing, -less, -able or ed.

Verb Adjective Cease Ceaseless Talk Talkative Shock Shocked/ shocking Annoy Annoying/ annoyed Delight Delightful/ delighted Worry Worrying/ worried Close Closing/ closed bore Boring/ bored

➽    ADJECTIVES FROM OTHER ADJECTIVES

We form adjectives from other adjectives by adding  -ish, -al, -some, -ly, etc.

Adjective	Adjective
Red	Reddish
Magic	Magical
Comic	Comical
Whole	Wholesome
Three	Threefold
Sick	Sickly
sweet	sweetish

v COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVE

An Adjective comes in three degrees, positive, comparative, and superlative degree.

Ø Positive degree: A positive degree denotes the quality of a person, thing or group. It is used when no comparison is made.

For Example

1.    He is a good boy.

2.    This well is deep.

Ø Comparative degree :  When two thing or sets of things are compared, comparative degree is used.

For Example

1.    He is better than you.

2.    This well is deeper than the one.

Ø Superlative degree: A superlative degree is used to choose one out of a group or many.

For Examples

1.    He is the best student in my class.

2.    Of all the walls in the village this one is the deepest.

WAYS TO CHANGE POSITIVE INTO COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

1.Rule : To change an adjective into comparative degree “er” is added to positive degree and “est” is added to change into superlative degree.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Bold	bolder	boldest
Deep	Deeper	Deepest
High	Higher	Highest
strong	Stronger	Strongest
weak	weaker	weakest

2.Rule : If “e” is present at the end of a positive degree, “r” is added to change into a comparative degree and “st” to change it into a superlative degree.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Able	Abler	Ablest
Brave	Braver	Bravest
Fine	Finer	Finest
Noble	Nobler	Noblest
true	truer	truest