Tense and Its Attributes

                                     Tense

  Definition— Tense is a kind of a verb which shows the time and state of an action or event that use to define the proper action with respect to the time..

• There are three types of the tense.

1. Present tense

2. Past tense

3. Future tense

Three categories are further divided in to four sub-categories:

A. Indefinite/Simple

B. Continuous
C. Perfect
D. Perfect continuous

Now, you will find the rules that we use to make a sentence correct according to the tense by using the action verbs according the situations.

We use term such as  :: Q.W (question arise words like-- why, who, whom, what, which,where,when, etc are called the WH- family words.)

There are five type action verbs those are using in these sentences define below as::

 V1-- ( first form ) is called the plural verb of an action.

 V2-- ( second form ) is called the past verb of an action.

 V3-- ( third form )  is called the deep past form or past participle verb of an action.

V4-- ( fourth form ) is called the processing verb or which shows continuity of an action verb. 

 V5-- ( fifth form) is called the singular verb of an action. 

                               

a)    Present indefinite or simple present  (Tense)  ===>( This tense explain the indefinite condition of action verb means there is no explanation about the time of action but it happens) 

Rules for simple sentences:

Rule: Sub. +v₁+S/es +object (singular subject)

Rule: Sub. +v₁+object (plural subject)

We use s/es with verb, when subject in singular iF the subject is plural, and then we don’t use s/es.

For examples:

       1.    He eats the apples.

       2.    They eat apples.

       1.    Mohan plays cricket keep.

       2.    They play cricket.

     Rule for negative sentence.

    Rule:  Subject +do/does +not +v1 +object. 

    For examples:

    1.    He does not eat the apples.

    2.    They do not eat the apples.

    3.    Mohan does not play cricket.

    4.    They do not play cricket.

Rules for Interrogative

     1.    Rules: Do/ Does+ Sub+ v1+ object?

     2.    Rules: Q.W.+ do/ does+ Sub+ v1+ object?

For example:

     1.    Does he eat the apples?

     2.    Do they eat the apples?

     3.    Does Mohan play cricket?

     4.    Do they play cricket?

     5.    Why do they play cricket?

    Present Continuous Tense—

   (This tense explain the progressive form or continuty form of action verb means the work is doing at the present time or what we seeing in around us is define in continuing form of action verb) 

   Rules: Subject+ Is/Are/Am+ v1+ing+ object. 

   

     Rules for simple sentences—

     “ Is” is used with a singular subject

     “Are” is used with plural

     “Am” is used with I    

    (Something object is not present in the sentence)

      For examples: 

    1. My mother is cooking the food in the kitchen.

    2. They are reading their books.

    3 .I am worshiping the God.

    4. They are playing. (without object)

    

     Rule for Negative sentences:

      Rule: Subject+ is/are/am+ not+ v1+ ing+ object.

      For Example:

    1 . My mother is not cooking the food in the kitchen.

    2. They are not reading their books.

    3. I am not worshiping the God.

    4. They are not playing.

      Rules for Interrogative sentences:

    1.Rules: Is/Are/Am+ Subject+ v1+ ing+ object?

    2. Rule: Q.w.+ is/are/am+ sub+ v1+ ing+ object?

     For example:

   1. Is my mother cooking the food in the kitchen? 

   2. Are they reading their books?

   3. Where am I worshiping the God?

   4. Why are they playing?

    

     Present Perfect Tense      ==> ( This Tense describe the past condition of action verb in present situation in which shows work has been done before some time ago. This kind of situation is handled in present perfect tense).

          Rule for simple: Subject+ has/have+ v3+ Object.

       "Has”  is used with singular subject.

      "Have” is used with a plural subject.

        For Example:

1.        . I have finished my work.

2.        . He has watched T.V.

3.        . We have gone to school.

4.        . The sun has set.

     Rule for Negative:  Subject+ has/have+ not+ v3+ Object.

          

      For Example: 

         1. I have not finished my work.

         2  He has not watched T.V.

         3. We have not gone to school.

         4. The sun has not set.  

     Rules for Interrogative: 

   1. Rule: Has/Have+ Subject+ v3+ Object?

        2. Rule:  Q.W.+ has/have+ Subject+ v3+ Object?

          

        For Example:

       1. Have I finished my work?

       2. When has he watched T.V.?

       3. Have we gone to school?

       4. Why has sun set?

 Present Perfect Continuous:    (Tense)

    ( In this part action started  in past but it Is continuing yet means action is not completed so this condition is handled in this tense) 

     Rule for simple: Subject+ has been/Have been + v1+ ing+ object+  + since/for.

    

     "Has been”   is used with singular subject.

     "Have been” is used with plural.

      For Example:

     a.They have been bathing in the river since evening.

     b.She has been cooking the food in the kitchen since morning.

     c.The farmer has been cutting the crop for four days.

    

Past Tense

  Past Indefinite  

   (In this tense past condition is define means action is happened but there is no explanation about time when it happens but happened so the second form of verb describes handling this type of problem)

   Rule for simple sentences:  Subject+ V2+ Object.

  

   For example:

    a.  He went to Agra.

    b.  They bought new clothes.

    c.  She saw an elephant in zoo yesterday.

    d.  You prepared for the examination.

   Rule for Negative:     Subject+ did+ not+ V1+ Object.

        For Example:

     a.   He did not go to Agra.

     b.   They did not buy new clothes.

     c.    She did not see an elephant in zoo yesterday.

     d.   You did not prepare for the examination.

        

      Rules for interrogative:

    1. Rule: Did+ subject+ V1+ Object?

    2. Rule: Q.W+ did+ Subject+ V1+ Object?

        For Example:

     a.Did he go to Agra yesterday?

     b.Why did they buy new clothes?

     c.How did she see an elephant in zoo yesterday?

     d.When did you prepare for the examination?

          

     Past Continuous tense:   (In this section of tense action is doing but in the past situation, means in past work has started but it is continous yet both conditions are happened in past)

     Rule for simple sentence:   Subject+ was/were+ V1+ ing+ Object.

      

     “Was” is used with singular subject.

     “Were” is used with plural subject.

      For example:

     a.  Raj was beating his brother.

     b.  The cows were grazing in the field.

     c.  The boys were making a noise.

     d.  The child was sleeping in the field.

  Rule for negative:  Subject+ was/were+not+ V1+ ing+ Object.

           For Example:

     a.  Raj was not beating his brother.

     b.  The cows were not grazing in the field.

     c.  The boys were not making a noise.

     d.  The child was not sleeping in the field.

       

      Rules for Interrogative:

     1.   Rule:  Was/Were+ Subject+ V1+ ing+ Object?

     2.   Rule:  Q.W+ was/were+ Subject+ V1+ ing+ Object?

     For Example:

     a. Was Raj beating his brother?

     b. Were the cows grazing in the field?

     c. Why were the boys making a noise?

     d. When was the child sleeping in the room?

        

     Rules for Interrogative - Negative:

     1.   Rule:  Was/Were+ Subject+not+ V1+ ing+ Object?

     2.   Rule:  Q.W+ was/were+ Subject+ not+V1+ ing+ Object?

        For Example:

     a.   Was Raj not beating his brother?

     b.   Were the cows not grazing in the field?

     c.   Why were the boys not making a noise?

     d.   When was the child not sleeping in the room?

Past Perfect Tense  (In this section of tense an action verb describes a deep past action for the subject of the sentence,means a work started from the past and it is completed in the past.)

   Rule for simple: Subject+ had+ V3+ Object.

For Example:

a.     They had consulted me.

b.    She had already heard this news.

c.     They had taken coffee.

d.    You had plucked the flowers in the garden.

Rules for Negative::  Subject+ had+ not+ V3+ Object.

For Example:

a.     They had not consulted me.

b.     She had not already heard this news.

c.    They had not taken coffee.

d.     You had not plucked the flower in the garden.

Rules for Interrogative:

Rule:   Had+ Subject+ V3+ Object?

Rule : Q.W+ had+ subject+ V3+ Object?

For example: 

a.Had they consulted me?

b.Had she already heard this news?

c.How had taken coffee?

d.Why had plucked the flower in the garden?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (In this section of tense an

action verb describes progression of work in past situation means

in past condition the action is not completed yet,but it is going on

to be finished )

Rules for simple sentence:

Subject+ had been+ V1+ ing+ Object Since/for+ time.

For Example:

1.    Sita had been playing with her dolls since morning.

2.    They had been waiting for me for five hours.

3.    I had been learning History since Tuesday.

4.    Your servant had been cooking food for three hours.

Rule for Negative:

Ø Subject+ had not been+ V1+ ing+ Object+ since/for+ time.

For Example:

1.    Sita had not been playing with her dolls since morning.

2.    They had not been waiting for me for five hours.

3.    I had not been learning History since Tuesday.

4.    Your servant had not been cooking food for three hours.

Rules for Interrogative:

Ø  Had+ Subject+ been+ V1+ ing+ Object+ since/for+ Time?

ØQ.W+ Had+ Subject+been+V1+ ing+Object+ since/for+ Time

For Example:

A.    Had Sita been playing with her dolls since morning?

B.    Had they been waiting for me for five hours?

C.    How had I been learning History since Tuesday?

D.   Why had your servant been cooking food for three hours?

FUTURE TENSE

Future Indefinite tense:- (The future indefinite tense is used to show future motion, creative power, future habitude, suggestion.)

Rule for simple sentences:

Sub+ will/ shall+ V1+ obj.

‘Will’ is used to with second and third person.

‘Shall’ is used to with first person.

Example:

1.    You will accept my offer.

2.    I shall you a story.

3.    We shall order a taxi for you.

4.    He will sing me a song.

Rule for negative:

Sub+ will/shall+ not+ V1+ obj.

Example:

1.    You will not accept my offer.

2.    I shall not tell you a story.

3.    We shall not order a taxi for you.

4.    He will not sing a song for me.

Rules for Interrogative:

1.    Will/shall+ sub+ V1+ obj?

2.    Q.W+ will/shall+ sub+ V1+ Obj?

Example:

1.    Will you accept my offer?

2.    Shall I tell you a story?

3.    Why shall we order a taxi for you?

4.    When will he sing me a song?

Future Continuous:-

The future continuous tense is used to show temporary motions to be

continuous in the future or creative power.

Rule for simple sentences:-

Sub+ will be/shall be+V1+ing+ obj.

Example:

1.    The washer man will be washing the clothes.

2.    The birds will be flying in the sky.

3.    We shall be teaching the English.

4.    I shall not be watering the plants.

Rules for Interrogative:

1.    Will/Shall+ Sub+ be+ V1+ ing+ obj?

2.    Q.W+ will/shall+ sub+ be+ V1+ ing+ obj?

Example:

1.    Will the washerman be washing the clothes?

2.    Will the birds be flying in the sky?

3.    Who shall we be teaching the English?

4.    When shall I be watering the plants?

Future Perfect:

This tense is mainly used for past action in progress.

Rule for simple sentences:-

Sub+ will have/shall have+ V3+ obj.

Example:

1.The patient will have died in this hospital.

2. I shall have gone from here.

3.You will have learnt your lesson.

4.I shall have finished my work.

Rule for Negative:-

Sub+ will not have/ shall not have + V3+ obj.

1.The patient will not have died in this hospital.

2. I shall not have gone from here.

3.You will not have learnt your lesson.

4.I shall not have finished my work.

Rule for Interrogative:-

1.      Will /shall + sub+ have+ V3+ obj?

2.      Q.W+ will/shall+ Sub+ have+ V3+ obj?

Example:

1. Will the patient have died in this hospital?

2. Shall I have gone from here?

3.When will you have learnt your lesson?

4.Why shall I have finished my work?